What Are Screen Readers?

Screen readers are software programs that convert digital text and interface elements into speech or Braille output, enabling visually impaired users to access digital content.

Understanding Screen Readers

Screen readers interpret what is displayed on the screen—such as text, buttons, links, and images—and read it aloud or send it to a Braille device.

They rely heavily on well-structured HTML, semantic markup, and proper use of accessibility attributes (like alt text) to provide an accurate and meaningful experience.

Why It's Important

Screen readers are vital for people with blindness or low vision, making it possible for them to navigate and interact with websites, applications, and digital documents.

For web designers and developers, ensuring compatibility with screen readers means crafting accessible, inclusive user experiences that meet legal and ethical standards.

Example

When a user with a screen reader visits a webpage, the software reads the page title, headings, link descriptions, and alt text on images aloud. If the page is properly coded, the screen reader can also announce form field labels, buttons, and dynamic content changes, allowing the user to interact confidently with the site.

Helpful Resources

Popular screen readers include:

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